AHSEC| CLASS 12| LOGIC & PHILOSOPHY| QUESTION PAPER - 2021| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2021
LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 30
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.
1. Give very short answer: 1x12=12
(a) What is
induction improperly so called? 1
(b) Is the
conclusion of scientific induction certain?
1
(c) What is the
basis of unscientific induction? 1
(d) “Plants like
men have birth, growth, decay, and death. Men possess intelligence, therefore
plants also possess intelligence”. – What type of analogical argument is
this? 1
(e) “The course
of the world is not a uniformity, but uniformities”. – Who said this? 1
(f) Can there be
more than one cause of an effect? 1
(g) What is
working hypothesis? 1
(h) Give one
example of a secondary quality. 1
(i) Name the
philosopher who said that esse est percipi?
1
(j) What is
called a voluntary action? 1
(k) Give one example
of a non-moral action. 1
(l) From which
Latin word the term “Religion” has been derived? 1
2. What is a good analogy? 2
3. Name the theory according to which Thought and Reality
are at bottom identical (Reality is rational). Who advocates the theory? 2
4. Define inductive leap. 2
5. What is the meaning of the law of the conservation of
matter and energy? 2
Or
What is the
intellectual condition of observation?
2
6. Why the conclusion of analogical argument is probable? 2
7. State Mill’s canon of the Method of Agreement. 2
8. Name the experimental method which determines the
quantitative relation between cause and effect. 2
9. Can an action of an insane person be called a moral
action? Give one reason in support of your views. 1+1=2
10. What is the meaning of ‘Intention’? 2
11. What are the ultimate values of human life? Name the
ideal or the value with which ethics is concerned. 1+1=2
12. Write two points of similarity between Religion and
Morality. 1+1=2
Or
Why is the
Method of Difference called a Method of Proof?
13. What is formal cause according to Aristotle? 2
14. Explain the meaning of ‘purusartha’. What are the four
values or goals of human life as recognised by Classical Indian Philosophy?
2+2=4
15. State the principle of elimination on which the method
of Difference is based. 4
Or
Explain the
fallacies of observation with examples.
16. Explain the different stages of hypothesis with
examples. 4
17. Mention four disadvantages of the Method of
Difference. 4
Or
Why Mill has
described the experimental methods as the ‘methods of elimination’?
18. “The ground of induction is the result of induction” –
State two reasons as to why this statement of Mill cannot be accepted. 2+2=4
Or
Define scientific
realism. State the exponent of scientific realism. 3+1=4
19. Which theory holds that the external world can be known
directly as it really is? State two reasons as to why this theory cannot be
accepted. 2+2=4
20. What is solipsism? Name the theory with which solipsism is
associated. 2+2=4
21. State the names of different kinds of induction with
chart. 2+2=4
22. State four points of difference between scientific
induction and unscientific induction. 4
Or
Name the fallacy
which sometimes vitiates the Method of Difference when employed as a method of observation.
Give an example in this context.
23. Explain very briefly four advantages of experiment over
observation. 4
24. Define scientific induction with example. State why it
is called ‘Scientific’. Briefly explain three features of scientific induction. 2+1+3=6
What is Analogy? How can the value of analogical argument be
determined? 2+4=6
25. Explain the principle of the Uniformity of Nature. Why it
is called the formal ground of induction?
4+2=6
Or
What is
observation? Describe the characteristics of observation. 1+5=6
26. What are the conditions of a legitimate hypothesis?
Explain any two of them. 2+4=6
Or
Explain and
illustrate the following types of hypotheses”
(a) Hypothesis
Concerning Agent
(b) Hypothesis Concerning
Law and
(c) Hypothesis
Concerning Collocation. 2+2+2=6
27. Explain briefly three advantages of the Method of
Agreement. Why is this method called the Method of Discovery? 4+2=6
Or
State Mill’s canon
of the Method of Concomitant Variation. Explain the limitations of this method.
***
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