IGNOU| INTRODUCTION TO GENDER, AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (MGS - 041)| SOLVED PAPER – (DEC - 2022)| (CGAS)
CERTIFICATE IN GENDER, AGRICULTURE
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (CGAS)
Term-End Examination
December, 2022
MGS-041
INTRODUCTION TO GENDER, AGRICULTURE
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Answer any five of the following questions. All questions carry equal marks. Maximum word limit for each answer is 1000 words.
1. "Is gender socially constructed?" In the
light of the above sentence substantiate your arguments with suitable examples.
20
Ans:- Yes, gender is socially constructed. Gender
refers to the socially constructed characteristics of women, men, girls and
boys. It includes the norms, behaviors and roles associated with being a woman,
man, girl or boy, as well as relationships with each other.
Gender is a
social identity which is never fixed but keeps changing according to time and
region. Socially constructed ways of acting according to one's gender are known
as gender norms.
Gender begins
when we are born and serves to conform or modify our behavior. However,
admitting that this is the case can broaden and shatter people's expectations.
Stereotypes and categories can be forgotten and doors to new possibilities can
be opened.
Gender refers to
the socially constructed characteristics of women, men, girls and boys. It
includes the norms, behaviors and roles associated with being a woman, man,
girl or boy, as well as relationships with each other. As a social construct,
gender varies from society to society and can change over time.
Here are some
examples of socially constructed gender: -
(i) Gender
Classification: Gender classification is based on biological sex, but it is
maintained as a category through socially constructed performances of gender.
For example, you may find a transgender person identifying as female when they
were actually assigned male at birth.
(ii) Social
constructionists: Social constructionists would say that gender is
interactional rather than individual – it develops through social interactions.
(iii)
Patriarchy: Patriarchy is a social and ideological structure that considers
men (who are patriarchs) as superior to women.
(iv) Gender
Stratification: Gender stratification refers to social ranking, where men
are generally ranked higher than women.
2. What do you mean by sustainable development? Compare
the advantages and disadvantages of using technology in addressing sustainable
development. 20
Ans:- Sustainable development is a type of
development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This can be achieved
by using renewable resources such as hydroelectric and geothermal energy.
Sustainable
development refers to four different areas: human, social, economic and
environmental. It is an approach to social, economic and environmental planning
that attempts to balance the social and economic needs of present and future
human generations with the imperative to preserve, or prevent undue damage to,
the natural environment.
Sustainable
development is important because:-
(i) Maintains
balance between environment and our development
(ii) Necessary
to meet the demands of the present generation and the needs of future
generations
(iii)
Necessary to prevent environmental degradation
(iv) Can be
useful for better economic development
Technology
can have both positive and negative impacts on sustainable development:
The advantages
of using technology in addressing sustainable development include:-
(i)
Environmental protection: Technologies used to treat waste can help in
solving environmental problems.
(ii)
Renewable energy production: Technology can help in reducing carbon dioxide
emissions and producing renewable energy.
(iii) Job
opportunities: Technology can increase job opportunities.
(iv) Knowledge:
Families with jobs in science, technology, engineering and mathematics can
benefit from rapid technological change.
The
disadvantages of using technology in addressing sustainable development
include:-
(i)
Scarcity of resources: Technology can increase the consumption of resources
faster than their supply.
(ii) Air
pollution: Technology can contribute to air pollution.
(iii)
Social division: Technology can give rise to social division.
(iv)
Environmental impact: Refrigeration and air conditioning systems that use
ozone-depleting refrigerants can have large environmental impacts.
3. (a) Write an essay on the National Action Plan on Climate
Change (NAPCC). 10
[COMING SOON]
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