IGNOU| SAFETY PHILOSOPHY AND PRINCIPLES OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION (MIS - 021)| SOLVED PAPER – (DEC - 2022)| (PGCINDS/ PGDINDS)
POST GRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY/POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY (PGCINDS/PGDINDS)
Term-End Examination
December, 2022
MIS-021
SAFETY PHILOSOPHY AND PRINCIPLES OF
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70
Note: Question No. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any five
questions from the rest i.e. Question No. 2 to 9.
1. (A) Choose the correct alternatives: 2 each
(i) If I am
unsure how to do a job I should:
(a) ask my supervisor
(b) try
different ways of doing it
(c) ask a
co-worker
(d) do the
job slowly and precisely
(ii) Safety
signs provide:
(a)
Information areas about hazardous
(b) Caution
Information
(c)
Warnings
(d) All of the above
(iii) As per
the colour code, red colour indicates:
(a) Fire prevention
(b) Radiant
hazards
(c)
First-aid equipment
(d) General
caution
(iv) Which of
the following is not included in the safety programme for achieving good
results during the prevention of accident?
(a)
Development of safe working conditions
(b)
Promotion of participation in safety employees'
(c) Compensation and medical payment
(d)
Corrective action when safety rules are ignored
(v) Which of
the following cannot be used as a safety device?
(a) Helmet
(b)
Interlocks
(c) Limit
Switch
(d) Chair
(B) Answer the following questions in short: 5×2=10
(i)
Differentiate between hazard and risk.
Ans:- A
hazard is something that has the potential to cause harm, while risk is the
possibility that harm will occur. A hazard can pose different risks, as it may
have the potential to cause harm in a variety of ways. Risk is usually
described as high, medium or low.
Here are
some examples of dangers and risks:-
(i) Hazard:
Repeated bending to load pallet with boxes.
(ii) Risk:
Injury from hand to back.
(iii)
Danger: The Himalayas are extremely sensitive to earthquakes, but not to
tsunamis.
(iv) Risk:
The more men and property involved, the higher the cost and, hence, the higher
the risk.
Identifying
hazards and assessing risks is essential to implementing effective control
measures and ensuring a safe and healthy workplace.
(ii) What is
safety culture?
Ans:-
Safety culture is a set of employees' beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes
toward employee safety and the overall safety of the work environment. This is
an important aspect in maintaining workplace safety.
Safety culture
can be described as "the way we do things around here". This shows a
real commitment to security at all levels.
Safety
culture may include:-
(i) Awareness of
risks and unknown dangers induced by activities
(ii) Behaviors
that maintain and enhance safety
(iii)
Willingness and ability to adapt when faced with security problems.
(iv) Freedom to
work, speak and report without fear
(v) Assistance
to people involved in incidents or accidents
(vi) Training
and awareness of human factors (for example, team work, impact of stress and
fatigue on performance).
The term
"safety culture" was first used in the INSAG (1986) "Summary
Report on the Post-Accident Review Meeting on the Chernobyl Accident".
(iii) Define
risk management.
Ans:-
Risk management is the process of identifying, assessing, and controlling
threats to an organization's capital, earnings, and operations. The goal of
risk management is to preserve the physical and human assets of an organization
to continue its operations successfully.
Risks can
arise from a variety of sources, including:
Financial
uncertainties, legal liabilities, technology issues, strategic management
errors, accidents, natural disasters, security breaches, data loss, cyber
attacks, system failures.
The process
of risk management includes:-
(i)
Identifying risks
(ii)
Evaluating and prioritizing risks
(iii) Applying
resources to reduce, monitor and control the probability or impact of
unfortunate events
(iv) Explain
the importance of environment safety.
Ans:-
Environmental health and safety (EHS) practices are important because they
ensure that organizations are operating responsibly and sustainably.
EHS
(Environment, Health and Safety) is important because it: Protects human
welfare and the planet. Ensures compliance with regulations, prevents
accidents, diseases and environmental damage. Reduces workplace risks,
increases employee morale and productivity.
EHS
practices can help:-
(i) Protect
the environment: EHS practices can help preserve species diversity and
ensure that the environment is safe for humans, crops, plants and animals.
(ii) Reduce
the risk of injury: EHS practices can help identify and address hazards
before they develop into major issues.
(iii)
Improve financial performance: EHS management can reduce costs associated
with environmental and safety incidents and improve operational efficiency.
(iv) Reduce
waste: EHS practices can help reduce waste and conserve natural resources.
(v) What are
the various causes of accidents?
Ans:- Here are
some causes of accidents:-
(i) Traffic
collisions: According to DfT, traffic collisions cause 42% of accidents on
the road.
(ii)
Distracted driving: Texting, talking on the phone, grooming, reading or
even eating while driving can lead to an accident.
(iii)
Reckless driving: This includes driving at high speed, ignoring traffic
signals, passing recklessly on a two-lane road and driving from behind.
(iv)
Speeding: The increase in average speed is directly related to both the
probability of occurrence of an accident and the severity of the consequences
of the accident.
(v) Drunk
Driving: Drinking alcohol causes car accidents every day.
(vi) Vehicle
Defects: If just one part of the car breaks, it can cause a major disaster
on the road.
(vii) Tire
burst: If your tire bursts while driving, it may force you to turn the car
unexpectedly.
Other
causes of accidents include:-
(i) jumping
red light
(ii) Avoiding
safety gear like seat belts and helmets
(iii) Not
following lane driving and wrongful overtaking.
2. Draw a safety organization chart of any company.
Explain the four levels of responsibility of safety organization. 10
Ans:- The purpose of the safety organization chart is
to ensure that the "health and safety system" is managed correctly.
Charts should be organized in a hierarchical structure, with a level at the top
and a level at the bottom.
Some of the
roles and responsibilities in a security organization are:-
(i)
Executive Management: Owner, President, CEO, etc.
(ii)
Operations Management: Operations Manager, Project Manager, Supervisor and
Foreman
(iii)
Workers: Those who are directly involved in the day-to-day work of the
company
(iv) Safety
management system: implementing safety programs, ensuring employees receive
safety training, ensuring employees have and use safety equipment, enforcing
safety rules, incorporating safety into performance reviews. providing safety
coaching to employees, monitoring employee safety performance, and conducting
incident investigations
(v)
Security organizations: To protect the public through the efforts of fire
and police departments, terrorism task forces and environmental agencies.
A security
organization has four levels of responsibility:-
(i)
Implementing security programs
(ii) Ensuring
that employees receive safety training
(iii) Ensuring
that employees have and use safety equipment
(iv) Enforcing
safety rules
3. (a) What is the need of monitoring a training
programme? 5
(b) Explain the
importance and procedure of developing safety policy. 5
[COMING SOON]
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