AHSEC| CLASS 11| LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY| SOLVED PAPER - 2015| H.S.1ST YEAR
2015
LOGIC & PHILOSOPHY
Full Marks: 100
Time: 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
1. Answer the following: 1x12=12
(a) Name any one of the three fundamental laws of thought discussed in Logic.
Ans:- Law of identity.
(b) Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(i) Whatever is formally true, is also materially true.
(ii) Whatever is materially true, is also formally true.
(iii) Whatever is formally true, may not be materially true.
Ans:- (iii) Whatever is formally true, may not be materially true.
(c) “Every sentence is proposition but every proposition is not sentence.” – is it correct?
Ans:- Not correct.
(d) “All players are not tall” – this sentence is equivalent to which of the following propositions?
(i) No player is tall.
(ii) Some tall persons are players.
(iii) Some players are not tall.
(iv) Some players are tall.
Ans:- (iii) Some players are not tall.
(e) In which type of proposition are both subject and predicate terms distributed?
Ans:- Categorical.
(f) By which of the following the quality of a proposition is determined?
(i) Subject.
(ii) Predicate.
(iii) Copula.
(iv) Both subject and predicate.
Ans:- (iii) Copula.
(g) In an immediate inference how many premises are there?
Ans:- One premises.
(h) How is the figure of a syllogism determined?
Ans:- The middle term.
(i) State any one characteristic of symbolic logic as laid down by C. I. Lewis.
Ans:- Application of deductive method.
(j) Which of the following groups of philosophers is a group of rationalists?
(i) Descartes, Spinoza, Locke.
(ii) Locke, Spinoza, Wolff.
(iii) Locke, Leibnitz, Hume.
(iv) Locke, Hume, Berkeley.
Ans:- (ii) Locke, Spinoza, Wolff.
(k) Who did hold the mind or the soul as ‘Monad’?
Ans:- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
(l) Pick out the idealist philosopher from the following group of different philosophers:
Russell, Locke, Moore, Hegel, Perry
Ans:- Hegel.
2. Define inference with suitable example. 1+1=2
Ans:- Inference is a mental process in which we go from something known to something unknown. For example:- He is a man. He is mortal. All men are mortal.
3. State two utilities of Logic. 2
Ans:- Here logic has two utilities:-
(i) Logic helps us to think clearly and rationally. It allows us to organize our thoughts and see relationships between them. It can be helpful in all areas of our lives, from solving problems at work to making decisions about our personal relationships.
(ii) Logic helps us to communicate effectively. When we can present our arguments in a logical manner, we are more likely to be persuasive. This can be helpful in both our professional and personal lives.
Or
State two utilities of using symbols in Logic. 2
Ans:- Here are two utilities of using symbols in logic:-
(i) To express the generality of the rules of logic. Symbols can be used to express the generality of the rules of logic in a way that is not possible in ordinary language. For example, the symbol "∀" can be used to express the law of universal instantiation, which states that for any proposition P and any individual constant, if P(A) is true, then ∀ xP(x) is true.
(ii) To provide brevity and economy of expression to complex statements. Symbols can be used to express complex statements in a much more concise and economical way than ordinary language. For example, the statement “If it is raining, then the ground is wet” can be expressed symbolically as “P ⊃ Q”, where P represents the proposition “It is raining” and Q. “The ground is wet” represents the proposition.
4. What do you mean by normative science? 2
Ans:- Normative science is a branch of study that evaluates social and ethical issues. It is a type of information in behavioral science that is based on an estimated preference for a particular policy or outcome.
5. State two points of difference between traditional logic and symbolic logic. 2
Ans:- Here are some differences between traditional logic and symbolic logic:-
(i) History: Traditional logic has a long history, while symbolic logic has a short history.
(ii) Variables: Symbolic logic uses variables more extensively than traditional logic.
6. What do you mean by a term? 2
Ans:- A term is a word or a combination of words, which by itself is capable of being used as subject or predicate of a logical proposition.
7. Give the definition of categorical proposition with an example. 1+1=2
Ans:- Here is the definition of categorical proposition with an example:-
A categorical proposition is a statement that claims or denies that all or some of the members of one category (subject word) are included in another (predicate word).
For example, the statement "All cats are mammals" is a categorical proposition. The subject word is "cats" and the predicate word is "mammals". This statement claims that all members of the cat category are included in the category of mammals.
8. Reduce any one of the following sentences into its proper logical form and mention the distributed term or terms in that proposition. 2x2=4
(i) All that glitters is not gold.
Ans:- Some glitters are not gold.
(ii) All metals except mercury are solid.
Ans:- All metals except mercury are solid - A.
(iii) Lions never drink coffee.
Ans:- No lions are those who drink coffee - E.
(iv) Learned are honored everywhere.
Ans:- All learned are honoured - A.
9. Name the term which is present in both the premises but absent in the conclusion of a syllogism. 2
Ans:- Middle term is present in both the premises but absent in the conclusion a syllogism.
Or
State one point of difference between immediate inference and mediate inference. 2
Ans:- Immediate Inference is a kind of deductive inference, in which the conclusion follows from only one premise. For example: No men are perfect. No Perfect beings are men.
In Mediate Inference, the conclusion follows from more than one proposition. The form of Mediate Inference is called 'Syllogism'. For example: No perfect beings are mortal. All men are mortal. No men are perfect beings.
10. How many terms and proposition are there in a syllogism? 2
Ans:- A syllogism is a deductive argument that contains three categorical propositions. These three propositions are made up of three categorical terms: a major term, a minor term, and a middle term.
11. What do you mean by mood of syllogism? 2
LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY SOLVED PAPERS PAGE LINK - Click here
BUY E-BOOK (PDF FILE)
[TO SEE FULL SOLUTION]
(Chapter wise Notes, Exam Question Papers solved, MCQ solved) [ARTS, COMMERCE, SCIENCE]
|
DOWNLOAD PAGE LINK:-CLICK HERE |
AHSEC PAGE LINK - CLICK HERE
Also Read: