AHSEC| CLASS 12| POLITICAL SCIENCE| SOLVED PAPER - 2019| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2019
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 30
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions
PART – A: (Contemporary World
Politics)
1. Answer the following as directed: 1x6=6
(a)
Write the full form of SEATO.
Ans:- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.
(b)
The collapse of which country is known as the collapse of “Second World”?
Ans:- The Soviet Union
(c)
First Gulf War is also known as Operation Desert Storm. (Write ‘Yes’ or ‘No’)
(d)
Agra Summit took place between India and Pakistan. Write the name of the Indian
Prime Minister who participated in the Summit. 1
Ans:- Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
(e)
Rio Summit approved a developmental programme named ‘Agenda – 21’. (Write ‘yes’ or ‘no’)
(f)
The World Council of Indigenous People was formed in the year 1974/1975/1976 (Choose the correct
answer)
2. Mention
two reforms Mikhail Gorbachev initiated in the Soviet Union. 2
Ans: - In the USSR, two reforms
initiated by President Gorbachev are Perestroika and Glasnost.
3. Mention
two areas of conflict between India and Bangladesh. 2
Ans: - For cooperation:
(i) See
prior policy,
(ii)
Disaster Management.
For disagreement:
(i) The
division of the Ganges and Brahmaputra waters.
(ii)
Migrating from Bangladesh.
4. Write
the name of two conflicting communities of Sri Lanka. 2
Ans:- Tamil community and the Singhalese
community.
5. Write
the name of two non-governmental organizations which concerned with Protection
of Human Rights all over the world. 2
Ans: There are two famous NGOs related to the
protection of human rights around the world. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty
International
6. Write
two distinctions between migrants and refugees. 2
Ans.
The differences between Migrants and Refugees are –
1) Migrants
are those who voluntarily leave their home countries. Refugees are those who
flee for war, natural disaster or political persecution.
2) Migrants
are not accepted by the state. But states are supposed to accept refugees.
7. In
which year was Kyoto Protocol signed? The Protocol dealt with which problem of
the environment? 2
Ans:-
India signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in August 2002. Protocol dealt
with global warming. (year 1991).
8. Discuss
briefly about the new International Economic Order. 4
Ans: - The new international economic
order refers to an economic system to reduce the difference between the
developed countries of the world and less developed countries.
The idea
of the New International Economic Order arose for the sustainable and equal
economic development of the least developed countries. The United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development came out in 1972 with a report to give
feedback on the new international economy.
The new
international economic order is a tool for the least developed countries to
achieve economic development and political independence. This non-alignment
motive gradually changed the nature of NAM and by 1970 NAM became an economic
pressure group.
9. What
9/11 indicated in world politics? Discuss briefly. 4
Ans:- The attacks brought significant and
widespread changes in American politics and foreign policy. Domestically, both
parties strengthened new or anti-terrorism legislation. The majority of this
legislation has been funded by Western countries. As of 9/11 and 2011, 119,044
counter-terrorism arrests and 35,117 convictions in 66 countries. Conversely,
only a few hundred terrorists were convicted every year before 9/11.
In recent
years, the war in Afghanistan, once largely seen as a "just war",
lost popularity. As of 2011, more than 60% of Americans opposed the war.
10.
Discuss briefly the functions of the World Bank. 4
Ans:
Following are the functions of World Bank:
1) The World Bank works for human
development, agriculture and rural development, environmental protection,
infrastructure and governance.
2) It provides loans and grants to
member countries. In this way it highly affects the economic policies of
developing countries.
3) The World Bank promotes long-range
balanced development of international trade and maintenance of equilibrium in
the balance of payments by encouraging international investment of productive
resources.
4) To assist in the reconstruction and
development of members' areas for capital investment.
11.
Discuss briefly about the components of the Security Strategy of India. 4
Ans: - India's security strategy is a
combination of four components that change from time to time. This includes -
1) Strengthen military capability: The
first component was strengthening military capabilities as India has been
involved in conflicts with its neighbors - Pakistan in 1947–48, 1965, 1971 and
1999; And China in 1962. Since it is surrounded by nuclear-armed countries in
the South Asian region, the 1998 decision by the Indian government to conduct
tests in India was justified to protect national security, the first time India
launched a nuclear device. Time. 1974. Tested.
2) Internal Security: The second
component of India's security strategy has been prepared for challenges within
the country with several terrorist organizations in Kashmir, Punjab, Nagaland,
Manipur and Mizoram, which at times threaten to create chaotic problems for
India. Give. Give. Give. Giving is internal security. India has tried to
stabilize national unity by adopting a democratic political regime, which
allows various groups and communities to express their grievances freely and
share political power.
3) Strengthening international norms
and international institutions: The third component of India's security
strategy is to strengthen international standards and institutions to protect
its security interests. India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru,
supported Asian solidarity, disintegration, disarmament and the support of the
United Nations as a platform in which international confrontations can occur.
India has taken the initiative in nuclear non-proliferation. India has agreed
to a similar new international economic order. Most importantly, it uses
non-alignment to help the two superpowers create a zone of peace outside of
block politics. India joined 160 countries to sign and ratify the 1997 Kyoto
Protocol to reduce emissions of harmful gases. Indian troops have been sent
abroad on UN peace operations in support of cooperative security initiatives.
4) Economic Development: A growing
effort has been made to develop the Indian economy so that poverty, misery and
inequalities are eliminated and people can raise their standard of living.
Despite many efforts, India is still a poor country, but the democratic system
also allows for the least benefit to express its voice. Democratic governments
are always under pressure to accelerate development. Thus, democracy in India
is not only a political ideal, but also a means of ensuring greater security.
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