AHSEC| CLASS 11| BIOLOGY| SOLVED PAPER - 2016| H.S.1ST YEAR
2016
Biology
(Theory)
Times: 3 hours
Full marks: 70
Part - I (Botany)
1. Define species. 1
Ans:- Species is a group of organisms which can
reproduce independently and produce fertile young in all the essential matters
of each other like morphology, physiology, embryology etc.
2. Why apple is called false fruit? 1
Ans:- This is because the apple is not formed from
the ovary of the flower.
3. What is Kranz anatomy? 1
Ans:- It is a special pathway structure in the leaves
of plants in which the C4 pathway CO2 fixation takes place.
4. Write the importance of herbaria. 2
Ans: - There is importance of herbaria in Shodhdwar.
5. Draw and label the prothallus of fern. 2
Ans:-
6. Differentiate between parasitic and epiphytic plants
with examples. 2
Ans:- Parasitic plants
collect their food from their shelter. They cannot make their own food. For example,
Cascutta.
Epiphytic plants
prepare their own food; They live only on other plants.
7. Write the functions of stomate. 2
Ans:- Stomata remove excess water from the plant body
and they also help in the exchange of gases in the plant body.
8. Explain the specific role of cytokinin in plant growth
a development. 2
Ans:- Cytokinins influence various traits of plant growth,
development and physiology such as seed germination, apical dominance, flower
and fruit development, leaf senescence and plant-pathogen-interactions, etc.
Cytokinins are isoprenoid substituted adenine molecules.
Cytokinins play important regulatory roles during cell
differentiation, cell proliferation and many other developmental processes in
vivo (Mok and Mok, 2001). Endogenous cytokinin homeostasis is found to be
spatially and temporally regulated due to the balance between synthesis and
catabolism. There have been many studies that characterize and isolate enzymes
that function in plant cytokinin biosynthesis. Cytokinins also play an
important role in new regeneration.
9. Write the structure and functions of Golgi complex
with diagram. 1+1+1=3
Ans: The structure of the Golgi system is made up of
flaps of membranes also known as cisterns. These flaps are in a series of 5 or
8 flaps, and they function by using enzymes to move proteins.
The goggle
apparatus serves to transport the macromolecules necessary for the cells to
function properly.
10. Name different types of RNA. Mention their
functions. 1+2=3
Ans:- (i) mRNA – Messenger RNA: Encodes the amino
acid sequence of the polypeptide.
(ii) tRNA –
Transfer RNA: Brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
(iii) rRNA –
Ribosomal RNA: Along with ribosomal proteins, forms ribosomes, the organelles
that translate mRNA.
(iv) snRNA -
Small nuclear RNA: Combines with proteins to form complexes that are used in
RNA processing in eukaryotes. (Not found in prokaryotes.)
Of the many
types of RNA, the three best-known and most studied are messenger RNA (mRNA),
transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which are present in all
organisms. These and other types of RNA mainly perform biochemical reactions
similar to enzymes. However, some also have complex regulatory functions in
their cells. Because of their involvement in many regulatory processes, their
abundance and their diverse functions, RNAs play important roles in both normal
cellular processes and diseases.
11. Explain the role of macronutrients found in
plants. 3
Ans:- Plants are living organisms and they also need
nutrients like ours to survive, grow, reproduce and develop. Macronutrients in
plants are nutrients that provide energy to plants and are needed in large
quantities to maintain their growth and development. These are the most
important elements required for crops and examples include nitrogen (N),
potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S),
oxygen (O), carbon (C). Are included, and hydrogen (H). The most important of
these are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which directly affect plant
growth and actually form the various parts of the plant. In addition, nitrogen
is an important component of chlorophyll which plays an important role in
photosynthesis (the food synthesis process).
Macronutrients
and micronutrients in plants come under essential nutrients that support plants
for all biochemical needs and those without:
A plant cannot
complete its life cycle.
Other elements
cannot replace the specific function of the plant.
Plants cannot
get complete nutrition because every essential nutrient is directly involved in
plant nutrition.
About half of
all essential nutrients are considered macronutrients and the functions of
macronutrients are very essential, for example, carbon is needed to make
proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and other compounds or major plant
macromolecules.
12. Discuss the Blackman’s law of limiting factor with
help of graphic representation.
3
Ans:- Blackman planned the law of limiting factors in
1905. in line with this law, once a method depends on many factors, its rate is
proscribed by the speed of the slowest issue. Blackman's law of limiting issue
determines the speed of chemical process.
Suppose a leaf is exposed to an explicit intensity level
which will use five mg. CO2 per hour in chemical process. If just one mg. CO2
enters the leaf inside associate degree hour, limiting the speed of chemical
process because of the CO2 issue. however, because the concentration of CO2
will increase from one to five mg./hr, the speed of chemical process
additionally will increase on the AB line. during this case CO2 acts as a
limiting issue.
13. “Flower is a modified shoot.” Justify the
statement. 5
Ans:- The flower is considered to be a modified shoot
in which the leaves turn into leaves (petals and petals) of the flower and the
stem is condensed with the internodes in the form of pressed nodes and
thalamus. In support of the above facts, the following facts may be cited.
(a) Homology
of Flower Bud:
(i) The
position of the flower bud is similar to that of the vegetative bud.
(ii) Sometimes
flower buds are converted into vegetative buds called bulbils. For example,
pineapple.
(b) Axial
Nature of Thalamus:
(i) Sometimes
the thalamus shows the development of nodes and internodes similar to a stem
(androphore and gynophore).
(ii) Sometimes
after the flower bears the leaves, the thalamus moves forward like a branch
which has leaves. like roses
(c) Leafy
Nature of Flowers Leaves:
(i) The flower
parts in water lilies are leafy as they show a gradual transition from sepals
to carpels through petals and stamens.
(ii) The
leaves of flowers show the same veins as are seen in deciduous leaves.
(d) Phyllotaxy:
The arrangement of flower parts on the thalamus is similar to that of the
leaf parts on the stem.
Thus, we can
conclude that thalamus is a suppressed stem and floral part is modified leaves.
14. What is Ascent of sap? Describe the transpiration
pull and cohesion of water theory.
1+4=5
Ans:- The ascent of sap within the vascular tissue of
plants is that the upward movement of water and minerals from the basis to the
crown. vascular tissue could be a advanced tissue consisting of living and
non-living cells. The conducting cells within the vascular tissue square
measure typically non-living and embody varied teams of plants, tube members, and
tracheids.
Due to
transpiration, the mesophyll cells of leaves continuously lose water from the
leaf surface for which they continuously absorb water from the xylem of the
petiole. This creates tension in the xylem of the petiole which extends
downward to the xylem of the roots and water is drawn upward as a continuous
monolithic water column to reach the top of the plant.
The cohesion and
adhesion of water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels form a continuous
monolithic water column from root to leaves. Due to transpiration, the
mesophyll cells draw water from the xylem vessels. Thus, a suction force is
created which continuously pulls the water column upwards.
Or
Write the
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle of plant respiration. 5
Ans: The
tricarboxylic acid cycle begins with the condensation of the acetyl group with
oxaloacetic acid (OAA) and water to yield citric acid. The reaction is
catalyzed by citrate synthetase. The citrate is then isomerized into isocitric.
This is followed by two steps of decarboxylation, one-ketoglutaric acid and
then succinyl CoA. Succinyl CoA is oxidized to OAA. During the conversion of
succinyl CoA to succinic acid, a molecule of GTP is synthesized.
There are three
points in the cycle where NAD+ is reduced to NADH+H+, and a point where FAD+
is reduced to FADH2.
The summary
equation for this stage of respiration is as follows
[COMING SOON]
BIOLOGY SOLVED PAPERS PAGE LINK - Click here
BUY E-BOOK (PDF FILE)
[TO SEE FULL SOLUTION]
(Chapter wise Notes, Exam Question Papers solved, MCQ solved) [ARTS, COMMERCE, SCIENCE]
|
DOWNLOAD PAGE LINK:-CLICK HERE |
AHSEC PAGE LINK - CLICK HERE
Also Read: