AHSEC| CLASS 11| ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION| SOLVED PAPER - 2022| H.S.1ST YEAR
2022
Environmental Education
Full Marks: 40
Time: 2 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.
1. (a) Answer in short (any five): 1x5=5
(i) Define biodiversity.
Ans:- Biodiversity is considered as the
degree of diversity in nature and not the nature itself. It also means that the
variety and variability of all animals, plants and micro-organisms is called
biodiversity.
(ii) Which day is observed as the ‘World Environment Day’?
Ans:- 5th June.
(iii) What is the name of the soIid mantle of the earth?
Ans:- Lithosphere.
(iv) Write the full form of NDRF.
Ans:- The National Disaster Response Force.
(v) Write the name of biosphere reserve of Assam.
Ans:- Kaziranga and Manas biosphere
reserves in Assam.
(vi) What is food web?
Ans:- Food web: Multiple food chains
intertwined to give rise to a structure similar to a spider's web. These
interlocking patterns formed by multiple food chains that are linked together
are called food webs. So, a food web is a network of food chains where
different types of pf organisms are linked at different trophic levels, so that
at each trophic level there are many options to eat and be eaten.
(vii) Give example of one lotic aquatic ecosystem.
Ans:- Lotic ecosystem or free ecosystem
e.g. rivers, stems.
(viii) What do you mean by climate change?
Ans:- Climate change refers to long-
term changes in temperature and rainfall patterns. These changes may be natural,
similar as due to changes in the solar cycle. But since the 1800s, mortal
conditioning has been the main motorist of climate change, substantially due to
the burning of fossil energies similar as coal, oil painting and gas.
(b) Fill in the blanks (any three): 1x3=3
(i) Uranium is nuclear
energy resource.
(ii) Cholera is a bacterial
disease.
(iii) Tiger is secondary level consumer of ecosystem.
(iv)
Frog is secondary level consumer of ecosystem.
(v) ‘The First Decade of Action for Road Safety’ is on 11 may 2011.
2.
Write short accounts of (any five): 2x5=10
(a) Food chain
Ans:- Food Chain: In an ecosystem, the
sequential chain of food and being eaten is called food chain.
Common examples of food chain are grass-cattle-tiger (the chain
consists of three links)
grass-grasshopper-bird-hawk (the chain consists of four links)
Phytoplankton - water flea-small fish-tuna (the chain consists of
three links)
There are two types of food chain found in natural ecosystem. One
type begins with green plants (autotrophs) forming the first trophic level,
herbivores forming the second trophic level and predators forming the third
trophic level. They are referred to as grazing food chain, the other type
starts with detritus debris produced by green plants and is called detritus
food chain. A food chain is always unidirectional.
(b) Acid rain
Ans:- Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen from
industrial operations and the burning of fossil fuels are major sources of
acid-forming gases in the atmosphere. When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
are carried by the prevailing winds, they meet water vapor and form sulfuric
acid and nitric acid, respectively, droplets of sulfuric acid and tiny
particles of sulfates and nitrates. These chemical substances land on the
earth's surface in two forms – wet (as acid rain, snow, fog and cloud vapor
etc.) and dry (as acid particles). The resulting mixture is called acid
deposition or more commonly acid rain.
(c) Greenhouse effect
Ans:- Greenhouses are used to grow
plants in cold countries. In cold countries, the insulation is not sufficient
for plant growth during the winter season. The greenhouse is made of glass
which allows sunlight to enter but prevents infrared rays from going out. In
this way, heat gradually comes inside it. in favor of plant growth. The
greenhouse effect refers to the progressive warming of the Earth's surface due
to the enveloping effect of man-made carbon dioxide and some other gases in the
atmosphere.
As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing day
by day, scientists say that the global temperature will increase gradually. If
the temperature rises slowly, glaciers will start melting, the level of water
bodies like seas and oceans will rise and many low-lying areas will be
submerged. Marine ecosystem will be harmed.
Therefore, global warming is mainly due to the increase in the level
of CO2 in the atmosphere. Industrialization, deforestation, and the increasing
number of fossil fuel vehicles on the road are major sources of CO2 growth.
Steps must be taken to reduce CO2 emissions.
(d) Ex situ conservation
Ans:- Ex-situ Conservation: Ex-situ
conservation is the conservation of plants and animals away from their natural
habitat. This can happen in zoological parks and botanical gardens or through
forestry institutes and agricultural research centres. Much effort is being
made to collect and preserve the genetic material of crops, animals, birds and
fish species. This work is being done by National Bureau of Plant Genetic
Resources, New Delhi, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal etc.
(e) Sources of sound pollution
Ans:- Industries, factories, power
looms, generators, stone crushers, trains, motor vehicles, construction of
buildings and bridges, loud radio, TV, stereo playing are sources of noise.
(f) Ecosystem
Ans:- An ecosystem is a community of
organisms involved in a dynamic network of biological, chemical and physical
interactions with each other and with non-living components. Such interactions
maintain the system and allow it to respond to changing conditions. Thus, an
ecosystem consists of biotic components, non-living components (the physical
environment) and their interactions. The Kaziranga ecosystem would thus
encompass the various life forms found in the park. (community) and the
non-living components of the park such as soil, rocks, water etc. and even the
solar energy that is captured by the plants is the main active unit of the
ecosystem.
(g) The Wildlife (protection) Act, 1972
Ans:- The salient features of the 'Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
are as follows:
(i) It provides greater protection to wildlife and increases
punishment for violations.
(ii) It also imposes a complete ban on hunting of all specified
wildlife.
(iii) No hunting and smuggling licenses are to be issued and
existing licenses are to be cancelled.
(iv) Commercial harvesting and exploitation of wildlife is banned in
sanctuaries.
(h) Causes of threats to biodiversity
Ans:- Following are the threats to biodiversity:
(i) Due to poverty people destroy forest resources to meet their
needs like firewood which is highly responsible for the loss of biodiversity.
(ii) Various types of pollution caused by mining are responsible for
the loss of biodiversity.
3. Define and distinguish (any
four): (2+1)x4=12
(a) Producer and Consumer
Ans:- The relationship between producers, consumers and decomposers
is as follows:
Producers are green plants that capture solar energy and convert it
into potential energy. All consumers such as animals and non-green plants
directly or indirectly depend on plants for energy and decomposers are
non-green micro-organisms that break down the complex organic compounds of dead
remains of plants and animals and their products such as feces, urine etc. Let
us break in simple substances.
(b) Lithosphere and Hydrosphere
Ans:- The lithosphere is the rigid
surface of the Earth that accounts for 29% of the total surface area on the
globe. It is the earth's crust and is made up of older rocks and minerals mixed
with various substances. It provides habitat to all type’s pf plants, animals
and microorganisms. The lithosphere contains human civilization and everything
that man has made.
The hydrosphere includes all water bodies on Earth. Oceans, seas,
rivers, ponds etc. are all part of it. Oceans and seas cover 71% of the
hydrosphere. Only 0.04% is water usable by humans and other animals. Water is
not as scarce as petroleum oil and coal because it is renewable.
***
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