AHSEC| CLASS 11| POLITICAL SCIENCE| SOLVED PAPER - 2020| H.S.1ST YEAR
2020
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 30
Time: 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions
PART – A
(Indian
Constitution at Work)
1. (a) Who moved the ‘Objective Resolution’ in the Constituent Assembly? 1
Ans:- Jawaharlal Nehru.
(b) The
Fundamental Rights are justiciable. (Write True
or False) 1
(c) What is
the minimum age to be the President of India? 1
Ans:- Thirty-five years.
(d) Who is
the ex officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha? 1
Ans:- The Vice President of India.
(e) Which
Article of the Indian Constitution states that India is a ‘Union of States’? 1
Ans:- Article 1, Draft Constitution of India 1948.
(f) Mention
one writ that can be issued by the Supreme Court. 1
Ans:- Habeas Corpus.
2. Mention two sources of the Indian Constitution. 2
Ans:- Main sources of the Indian Constitution-
(i)
Government of India Act, 1935: Indian Constitution is mainly based on the
Government of India Act, 1935. This act accepted many demands of the Indian
National Congress, namely provincial autonomy, parliamentary system, federal
system, federal courts., etc. When we got independence, we got used to the
administrative set up under this act and we changed the provisions of the act
according to our need and suitability in the new constitution. Thus, almost
two-thirds of the Indian Constitution has been taken from the 1935 Act.
(ii) British
Constitution: Many provisions of the constitution have been taken from the
British constitution. The parliamentary system is on the British pattern,
except that in India we have elected the President as the head of state, not
the king. Our law-making process, single citizenship, single unified judiciary
is based on the British Constitution. Thus, the British Constitution is also a
major source of the Indian Constitution.
3. Mention any two freedoms guaranteed under Article 19
of the Indian Constitution. 2
Ans:- Article 19 of the Indian Constitution freedoms
that are available to the citizens of India:
(i) Freedom of
speech and expression
(ii) Freedom to
assemble peacefully and without arms
4. By which Amendment and in which Article, the
Fundamental Duties have added to the Constitution of India? 2
Ans:- The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10
fundamental duties to the Indian Constitution. The 86th Amendment Act 2002
later added the 11th fundamental duty to the list. Fundamental Duties have been
described in Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution.
5. How does the ‘Electoral College’ for the election of
the President of India consist of? 2
Ans:- Article 54 of the Constitution states:
"The President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college
consisting of:
(a) the elected
members of both the Houses of Parliament and
(b) elected
members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States (including the National
Capital Territory of Delhi and the Union Territory of Pondicherry under the
70th Amendment Act of the Constitution, 1992)."
6. Who calls for the Joint Session of the Parliament and
why? 2
Ans:- According to Article 108 of the Indian
Constitution, a joint sitting of Parliament is called by the President. It is
presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha or in his absence the Deputy
Speaker of the Lok Sabha or in his absence the Deputy Speaker of the Rajya
Sabha.
A joint
session of Parliament can be called in the following situations -
(i) If a bill
after it has been passed by one house is introduced in the other house and the bill
is rejected by the other house.
(ii) The House
has finally disagreed on the amendments to be made in the Bill.
(iii) The bill
is not passed even after the lapse of more than six months from the date of
acceptance of the bill by the other House.
7. Mention two features of the 73rd
Constitution Amendment Act, 1992. 2
Ans:- The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act aimed to
strengthen the rural democratic structure in India by giving more power and
authority to Panchayats, which are local self-government bodies at the village
level. The salient features of the 73rd Amendment Act are:
(i) Three-tier
Panchayati Raj System: The 73rd amendment mandated the establishment of a
three-tier Panchayati Raj system in all rural areas of India, consisting of
Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis and Zilla Parishads.
(ii) Direct
Election: The members of the Panchayats are elected through direct elections.
The people of the village elect the members of the Gram Panchayat, while the
members of the Gram Panchayat elect the members of the Panchayat Samitis and
Zilla Parishads.
8. Discuss the differences between the Fundamental Rights
and the Directive Principles of the State Policy. 4
Ans:- The major differences between Fundamental Rights
and Directive Principles of State Policy are:
|
Fundamental Rights |
Directive Principles of
State Policy |
|
(i) Part 3 of
the Constitution of India guarantees the fundamental rights given to the
citizens of India. Articles 12-35 of the Constitution of India deal with
fundamental rights. (ii) The
basic rights given to Indian citizens by the Constitution of India are called
fundamental rights. (iii)
Political democracy has been established in India with the help of
fundamental rights given in the Constitution of India. (iv) The
welfare of every citizen is promoted through fundamental rights. |
(i) The
Directive Principles are written in Part IV of the Constitution of India.
These are given in Articles 36-51 of the Constitution of India. (ii) The
Directive Principles of the Indian Constitution are the guidelines to be
followed by the government while formulating policies. (iii)
Economic and social democracy is established with the help of Directive
Principles of State Policy. (iv) The
welfare of the whole community is promoted with the help of the Directive
Principles. |
9. Discuss the advisory powers of the Supreme Court of
India. 4
Ans:- Article 143 of the Indian Constitution confers
advisory jurisdiction on the Supreme Court. It allows the President to seek the
opinion of the Supreme Court on any point of law or matter of public importance
on which he considers it necessary to obtain such opinion. On such reference to
the President, the Supreme Court may, after hearing the issue, convey to the
President such opinion thereon as it thinks fit. The opinion is not binding but
only advisory and the President is free to accept or not to accept it. However,
the opinion given under advisory jurisdiction is very important.
10. Write a note on the centralizing tendency of the
Indian Constitution. 4
Ans:- A note on the centralizing tendency of the Indian
Constitution: -
Indian
constitution reflects the centralized nature to maintain the unity and
integrity of the nation. The approach of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897, the
Disaster Management Act, 2005 and the currently applicable Agricultural Acts in
this regard are as follows:
Sir Ivor
Jennings believed that India was a "federation with a strong centralizing
character". These acts indicate such a nature. The Center issued periodic
lockdown signals under the Disaster Management Act of 2005, which states saw as
the issue of no duty and the increasingly insoluble dilemma of migrant workers,
as the Act gave enormous powers to key officials. The Epidemic Diseases Act,
1897 provides for the better prevention of the spread of dangerous epidemic
diseases in which the State Governments are privileged. The Act empowers the
State Governments to make guidelines in respect of any man or woman or human
institution to prevent the spread of COVID-19. On the contrary, the Center
invoked the Disaster Management Act 2005 and relied extra on it.
However, social
distancing is the normal mode of the corona virus COVID-19 pandemic. Serious
officials could not expect the states to act and let this nationwide fitness
crisis go out of control, so they used the DM Act to take immediate policy
decisions and impose rules on the people.
The Center has passed
the Farm Acts under Entry 33 (Concurrent List), which deals with "exchange
and trade in, and production, distribution of, and (b) edible commodities, such
as edible oilseeds and oils", whichever is the case. The truth is that
agriculture comes in the state list. But these farm laws are important if they
are the most important agricultural reforms ensuring market choice, motivating
entrepreneurship, ensuring access to technology and structural transformation
of agriculture.
In India's
quasi-federal system, centralizing tendencies are not absolute if they deviate
from maintaining solidarity and integrity, as is generally the stance of the
apex court.
11. Discuss the differences between First Past the Post
(FPTP) and Proportional Representation of the Election System. 4
Ans:- The choice of electoral system plays an
important role in shaping the democratic process and representation in a
country. Two common approaches to electoral systems are First Past the Post
(FPTP) and Proportional Representation (PR). These systems differ in how votes
are cast, how seats are allocated, and the overall representation of parties
and candidates.
|
First Past the Post
(FPTP) |
Proportional
Representation (PR) |
|
(i) FPTP is a
voting system where the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins
and represents that constituency in the legislature. (ii) FPTP
focuses on selecting individual candidates who can win a plurality or
majority of votes in their respective constituencies. (iii) In
FPTP, the candidate who wins the largest number of votes in a constituency is
elected, irrespective of the total percentage of votes polled. (iv) FPTP is
usually the result of a two-party or multi-party system, where smaller
parties have difficulty gaining representation unless they win specific
constituencies. |
(i) PR is a
voting system aimed at allotting seats in the legislature to political
parties or candidates in proportion to the votes polled by them. (ii) PR
focuses on allocating seats to political parties based on the proportion of
votes polled at the national or regional level. (iii) In PR,
seats in the legislature are distributed to political parties based on their
share in total votes, which aims to reflect the overall popular vote. (iv) PR often
leads to multi-party system, as it provides more opportunities for smaller
parties to gain representation based on their share of the vote. |
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