AHSEC| CLASS 11| LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY| SOLVED PAPER - 2019| H.S.1ST YEAR
2019
LOGIC & PHILOSOPHY
Full Marks: 100
Time: 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
1. Answer the following as directed: 1x12=12
(a) Is it true that 'Logos' means 'thought as expressed in language'? 1
Ans:- True.
(b) What is the ideal of Logic? 1
Ans:- Logic is the study of correct reasoning and the science of thought.
(c) Is the copula a term in a logical proposition? 1
Ans:- Yes, coupla is a term in logical proposition.
(d) A Judgement when expressed in language is called a word/ a term/ a proposition. (Choose the correct one) 1
(e) Which term determines the figure of a syllogism? 1
Ans:- Middle term.
(f) How many valid moods are there in the first figure of a syllogism? 1
Ans:- There are four valids moods are there in the first figure of a syllogism.
(g) How many propositions are there in a logical syllogism? 1
Ans:- In a logical syllogism, there are three propositions.
(h) A conjunctive function p.q. is true when both the conjuncts p and q are true. (Fill in the blank) 1
(i) Who is the founder of Nyaya Philosophy?
Ans:- The great sage Gautama is the founder of Nyaya philosophy.
(j) Carvaka is Vedic/ Non-Vedic philosophy. 1
Ans:- Non-Vedic Philosophy.
(k) Name of the philosopher who said the statement 'esse est percipi'. 1
Ans:- George Berkeley.
(l) According to Locke, mind at birth is a Blank state. (Fill in the blank) 1
2. Classify proposition according to quantity. 2
Ans:- Categorical propositions can be classified according to quantity into two types: universal and particular.
3. Discuss two characteristics of Symbolic Logic. 2
Ans:- The main characteristics of symbolic logic are:-
(i) Use of ideograms in place of phonograms.
(ii) Using the deductive method, by applying rules, from a small number of statements, we can generate an indefinite number of other statements.
4. Define Figure. 2
Ans:- The Figure is the form of a syllogism which is determined by the position of the middle term in the premises.
5. Explain the function of a middle term in a categorical syllogism. 2
Ans:- The middle term in a categorical syllogism is the word that appears in both the premises but not in the conclusion. The major term is the term that appears in the conclusion and the minor premise, and the minor term is the term that appears in the conclusion and the major premise.
The function of the middle term is to connect the major and minor terms. In a valid categorical syllogism, the middle term must be distributed over at least one of the premises. This means that the middle term must refer to all members of the class it represents. For example, in the syllogism "All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal," the middle word is "men." The middle term is distributed in the major base, as it refers to all men. The word middle is also distributed in the short base, because it refers to Socrates, who is a man.
6. Transform the following sentence into proposition and signify it with proposition symbol: 2
(a) Only men are rational animals.
Ans:- All rational animals are men. (A)
(b) Everest is the highest peak in the world.
Ans:- Everest is the highest peak in the world. (A)
7. Name two valid moods of the first figure. 2
Ans:- In the first figure, the position of the middle term is such that the middle term is the subject in the major premise and the predicate in the minor premise.
The form of the first figure.
The eight possible moods are - AA, AE, AI, AO, EA, EI, IA, OA
8. State two characteristics of deductive inference. 2
Ans:- (i) The conclusion follows from one or more premises.
(ii) The conclusion necessarily follows from the premises as the conclusion is implicity contained in the premise.
9. Explain two rules of conversion. 2
Ans:- The rules of conversion are as follows:-
(i) The subject of the coinverted becomes the predicate of the converse.
(ii) The predicate of the covertend becomes the subject of the converse.
Or
Explain two characteristics of categorical syllogism. 2
Ans:- (i) Categorical Syllogism is a form of deductive inference. So, its conclusion can not be more general than the premises.
(ii) Categorical Syllogism is a form of mediate deductive inference. So its conclusion is drawn from more than one premise.
10. Distinguish between immediates inference and mediate inference with two points. 2
Ans:- Immediate inference occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a premise. Intermediate inference occurs when a conclusion is drawn from more than one premise.
Here are some more details about immediate and intermediate estimates:-
(i) Immediate Inference: It involves a single base and no intermediate or middle terms. The conclusion follows directly from the premises.
(ii) Mediated Inference: It involves two or more logically interrelated premises. An intermediate term is needed, which involves logic.
11. What are the two main divisions of India 2
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