AHSEC| CLASS 11| SOCIOLOGY| SOLVED PAPER - 2022| H.S.1ST YEAR
2022
SOCIOLOGY
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 30
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions.
1. (a) Sociology is a social science /natural science/ pure science. (Choose the correct answer) 1
(b) Who propounded the theory of ‘Iooking-gIass seIf’? 1
Ans:- The theory of 'looking-glass self'
was propounded by Charles Horton Cooley.
(c) Who first coined the term ‘sociology’? 1
Ans:- The term 'Sociology' was first
coined by Auguste Comte.
(d) Write an example of closed social stratification. 1
Ans:- An example of closed social
stratification is the caste system in India.
(e) Where did Industrial Revolution take pIace? 1
Ans:- Industrial Revolution took place
in England.
(f) ‘‘FoIkways are fixable but mores are rigid.’’ (Write True or FaIse)
1
(g) To which sociological school of thought, Max Weber belongs? 1
Ans:- Max Weber belongs to the
sociological school of thought known as Interpretive Sociology or Verstein
Sociology.
(h) Who wrote the book, Human Society?
Ans:- The book “Humane Society” was
written by Charles Horton Cooley.
(i) Who is considered as the father of Indian sociology? 1
Ans:- M.N. Srinivas is considered the
father of Indian sociology.
(j) Give an example of secondary group. 1
Ans:- An example of a secondary group is
a work team.
(k) What is the main occupation of rural people? 1
Ans:- The main occupation of rural
people is agriculture.
(I) Mention one agent of socialization. 1
Ans:- An agent of socialization is the
family.
2. (a) What is positivism? 2
Ans:-
Positivism is a philosophical and sociological approach that emphasizes the
existence of a real world that can be studied scientifically. It posits
fundamental properties of the social universe that drive social dynamics and
aims to uncover these properties through formal theories and empirical data
collection. Positivism emphasizes the use of quantitative methods to study
social phenomena and uncover objective laws of society. It views the social
world as an objective reality similar to the natural world, and seeks to
develop knowledge to control or administer social life.
(b) What are the two major sociological schools of thought? 2
Ans:- Two major sociological schools of thought:-
(i) Positivism: Positivism is a
sociological approach that focuses on generating useful knowledge to control or
administer social life. It emphasizes quantitative research methods such as
surveys and statistical analysis to identify trends and patterns in society.
(ii) Interpretivism: Interpretivism,
also known as anti-positivism, argues that individuals are complex and not only
shaped by external social forces. It emphasizes qualitative research methods
such as unstructured interviews and participant observation to understand human
actions and motives from the perspective of the actors involved. Interpretivism
aims for sympathetic understanding and focuses on promoting mutual
understanding and consensus in society.
3. Define caste. 2
Ans:- Caste is a
definite social group into which a person is born under a particular system of
social stratification. Individuals within a caste system are expected to marry
exclusively within the same caste, follow a lifestyle often associated with a
particular occupation, adhere to ritual status within a hierarchy, and adhere
to cultural notions of exclusion. Depending on their interactions with others,
some castes are considered either more pure or more polluted than others. The
caste system is primarily associated with Hinduism and is characterized by
rigid social groups.
4. What are the different types of culture? 2
Ans:- In Indian
society, there is a diverse range of cultures due to differences in ethnic,
linguistic, regional, economic, religious, class and caste groups. These
cultural diversities intertwine and create a multidimensional society with
extreme urban-rural differences and gender differences. The differences between
North India and South India are particularly significant, especially in the
systems of kinship and marriage. Indian culture is rich and complex, reflecting
a mixture of different traditions and practices.
5. What are the two types of social solidarity? 2
Ans:- According
to sociologist Durkheim, there are two types of social solidarity: mechanical
solidarity and organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is based on similarity
and shared values between individuals, creating a sense of unity. On the other
hand, organic solidarity arises from the interdependence of individuals in a
complex society where people play specific roles, creating a sense of
togetherness through mutual dependence.
6. What are the different types of social
status? 2
Ans:- Social
status can be classified into different types, including ascribed status and
achieved status. Assigned status is given at birth or based on characteristics
beyond one's control, such as race or gender. On the other hand, achieved
status is achieved through personal efforts, skills or achievements such as
educational attainment or professional success.
7. Mention two features of family. 2
Ans:- Two
essential characteristics of the family include joint family structure and
hierarchical organization within families. Indian culture places great
importance on the joint family, in which multiple generations live, work, eat
and worship together. Additionally, hierarchy within families plays an
important role, where men often outrank women of the same age, and senior
relatives hold authority over junior relatives.
8. Write two environmental problems. 2
Ans:-
Environmental issues prevalent in society include pollution and deforestation.
Pollution, whether air, water or soil pollution, poses significant threats to
human health and ecosystems. Deforestation, on the other hand, contributes to
habitat loss, biodiversity decline, and climate change, thereby affecting the
environment on a global scale.
9. Mention two elements of culture. 2
Ans:- The two
elements of culture include values, which are beliefs about what is important,
and norms, which are rules and expectations that guide behavior within a society.
10. What are the two social classes as
mentioned by Karl Marx? 2
Ans:- Karl Marx
identified the two main social classes in capitalism as the bourgeoisie
(capitalists or owners of capital) and the proletariat (working class).
11. Write two basic features of rural
society. 2
***
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