AHSEC CLASS 12 SOCIOLOGY SOLVED PAPER - 2026| ASSEB BOARD
2026
SOCIOLOGY
Full Marks: 80
Pass Marks: 24
Time: 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.
1. Answer any eight of the following questions: 1×8-8
(a) Name one
factor responsible for population growth in India.
Ans:- Poverty (or high birth rate/illiteracy).
(b) What is
the study of social behaviour called?
Ans:- Sociology.
(c) Who is
the father of sociology?
Ans:- Auguste Comte.
(d) Name one
tribal movement in India.
Ans:- Santhal Rebellion (or Birsa Munda Movement/Chipko
Movement)
(e) What is a
group of people sharing a common culture called?
Ans:- Society (or ethnic group/cultural group).
(f) Define
the term 'matriarchy'.
Ans:-
Matriarchy is a social system in which power, authority, and lineage are passed
down through the mother, and mothers or older women play a central role in
political leadership, moral authority, and property control.
(g) Name one
positive impact of industrialization on Indian society.
Ans:-
Increased employment opportunities (or modernization of lifestyles / emergence
of a working class / improved infrastructure).
(h) What is
the common challenge faced by farmers in India?
Ans:-
Debt (or dependence on monsoons / lack of proper irrigation / exploitation by
middlemen / low minimum support prices).
(i) What is
the term used for social position or rank in society?
Ans:- Status (or social status).
(j) What is
the study of social institutions called?
Ans:- Sociology (or Sociology of Institutions).
(k) What is
caste hierarchy?
Ans:-
Caste hierarchy is the ranking of different castes in a fixed, hierarchical
order, based on traditional concepts of ritual purity and impurity, where
higher castes occupy superior positions and lower castes occupy lower
positions.
(l) What is a
social group with shared values and interests?
Ans:- Association (or Secondary Group/Community).
(m) What is
the term used for social relationship based on power and authority?
Ans:- Political Power (or Authority/Hegemony/Dominance).
2. Answer any six of the following questions: 2×6=12
(a) Mention
any two factors of caste system in India.
Ans:- Two
reasons for the caste system in India:-
(i)
Endogamy: Marriage is strictly restricted within the same caste group,
maintaining the sanctity of rituals and family boundaries.
(ii) Family
status: Membership in a caste is determined by birth and remains the same
throughout a person's life, regardless of their personal success.
(b) What is
meant by westernization? Discuss.
Ans:-
Westernization:-
Definition: Coined
by sociologist M.N. Srinivas, Westernization refers to the changes in Indian
society and culture resulting from more than two centuries of British rule,
including changes in technology, institutions, ideology, values, and lifestyle.
Significant
features: This includes Western-style education, secularism, rationalism, a
modern legal system, and changes in clothing, eating habits, and communication
styles.
(c) Define
social inequality.
Ans:- Social
Inequality:-
Definition:
Social inequality refers to the situation in which people in society have
different access to valuable resources, power, status, and opportunities based
on social categories such as class, caste, gender, race, and ethnicity.
Nature:
It is a social characteristic, rather than a failure of any individual, that
creates differences in wealth, education, health, and standard of living.
(d) Write two
characteristics of caste system in India.
Ans:- Two
distinctive features of the caste system in India:-
(i) Social
division: Society is divided into several castes, each with its own
established status, traditional occupations, and rules of social interaction.
(ii) Civil
and religious limitations and privileges: Different castes receive varying
levels of social restrictions (such as prohibitions on eating and drinking
among themselves) and privileges based on their position in the hierarchy of
purity and impurity.
(e) What is
class? Define.
Ans:- Class:-
Definition:
A social class is a group of people or families who share a similar
socio-economic status based on income, wealth, work, and education, rather than
on family status or ritual purity.
Nature:
Unlike a rigid caste system, classes are generally open, meaning that
individuals have the opportunity for social mobility based on success and
economic status.
(f) Write the
names of two political parties of Assam.
Ans:- Two
political parties in Assam:-
(i) Assam
Gana Parishad (AGP)
(ii) Bodoland
People's Front (BPF) (or Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party,
or All India United Democratic Front)
(g) Write two
characteristics of nuclear family system.
Ans:- Two
characteristics of the nuclear family system:-
(i) Simple
structure: It consists of only a married couple and their dependent
children, living in the same household.
(ii) Neolocal
household: After marriage, the couple typically establishes a new,
independent household separate from both parents' homes.
(h) What is
the difference between a social group and a community?
Ans:-
Difference between social group and community:-
Social group:
A group of two or more people who are similar to each other, share similar
characteristics, and have a sense of unity (e.g., peer group, work team). It
may or may not be associated with a specific geographic location.
Community: A
larger social unit that shares a specific geographic area, a sense of
belonging, and shared social relationships (e.g., a village or town). Unlike a
typical social group, locality and shared territorial attachment are essential
components of a community.
(i) Explain
social stratification and its impact on society.
Ans:- Social
Stratification and Its Impact on Society:-
Definition:
Social stratification refers to the structured system by which society
ranks people hierarchically based on factors such as wealth, power, and status.
Impact:
It creates systematic inequalities in access to resources, opportunities, and
life chances, leading to division of labor and social stability, but also to
social conflict, isolation, and inequality.
3. Answer any four of the following questions: 3×4=12
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