AHSEC| CLASS 12| LOGIC & PHILOSOPHY| QUESTION PAPER - 2014| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2014
LOGIC AND
PHILOSOPHY
Full Marks:
100
Pass Marks:
30
Time: Three
hours
The figures
in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.
1. Give very short answer: 1x12=12
a)
“In an inductive inference the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.”
Is it false?
b)
Find out the correct answer:
In analogy, we pass from particular to
general/particular to particular/general to particular/general to general.
c)
In which of the following kinds of induction, there is no inductive leap?
1)
Scientific induction.
2)
Analogy.
3)
Perfect induction.
4)
Unscientific induction.
d)
“The ground of induction is itself a result of induction.” – Who did say
this statement?
e)
Which of the following is not a condition of correct observation?
1)
The observer must be intellectually sound.
2)
The observer must be impartial.
3)
The observer must use artificial instruments.
4)
The observer must have sound mind and body.
f)
State any one condition of a legitimate hypothesis.
g)
Fill in the blank: Hypothesis is a ______supposition.
h)
Name the experimental method which is based on the following canon of
elimination:
“Whatever antecedent can be left out,
without prejudice to the effect, can be not part of the cause.”
i)
Give an example of primary quality.
j)
Who is the author of “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding”?
k)
Which of the following is an object of moral judgement?
1)
Random action.
2)
Habitual action.
3)
Instinctive action.
4)
Actions of children.
l)
What is the meaning of the word ‘Mores’?
2. Define scientific induction with suitable
example. 1+1=2
3. State two points of difference between
scientific induction and unscientific induction. 2
4. Define good analogy with suitable example.
1+1=2
5. What do you mean by paradox of induction? 2
6. How many forms of uniformity of nature are
there and what are they? 2
Or
Distinguish between agent and patient with the
help of suitable example. 2
7. Briefly explain
conjunction of cause with the help of suitable example. 2
Or
Distinguish between plurality of causes and
conjunction of causes. 2
8. Mention any two
qualitative marks of causation. 2
9. State any two advantages
of observation over experiment. 2
10. Give such a
concrete example of the method of agreement where we proceed from cause to
effect. 2
11. Why are the
inductive methods called ‘methods of elimination’? 2
12. Explain the
etymological meaning of any one of the following words: 2
a)
Religion.
b)
Dharma.
13. Who did define
religion as the ‘recognition of all our duties as divine commandments”? Mention
one defect of this definition. 1+1=2
Or
Who did define religion as “an emotion
resting on a conviction of harmony between ourselves and the universe at
large”? Mention one defect of the definition. 1+1=2
14. Explain with
example of quantitative mark of cause from the standpoint of the principle of
conservation of energy. 4
15. State four uses of
hypothesis. 4
Or
Briefly explain the four stages of a
hypothesis. 4
16. What is a crucial
instance? Briefly explain a crucial instance obtained by simple observation
with the help of a suitable example. 2+2=4
17. State two
advantages and two disadvantages of the joint method of agreement and difference.
2+2=4
Or
State two advantages and two disadvantages
of the method of concomitant variation 2+2=4
18. What do you mean
by realism? State any two differences between naïve realism and scientific
realism. 2+2
19. Briefly express
four points of criticism against naïve realism. 4
Or
Briefly express four points of criticism
against scientific realism. 4
20. What do you mean
by idealism? State two points of difference between realism and idealism 2+2=4
21. What do you mean
by a normative science? Why ethics is called a normative science? 2+2=4
22. Does the end
justify the means? Give a reasoned analysis with the help of a concrete
example. 4
Or
What is motive? Distinguish between motive
and intention. 1+3=4
23. Mention four
points of similarity between religion and morality. 4
24. State three
similarities and three difference between analogy and unscientific induction. 3+3=6
25. Briefly explain
with example each of the three kinds of hypothesis according to L. S. Stebbing.
2+2+2=6
26. “The method of
agreement is a method of discovery and the method of difference is a method of
proof.” – Explain the significance of this remark. 6
Or
Define the method of difference in your own
words and give a concrete example of it. Point out, with the help of an
example, how a careless use of this method leads to the fallacy of post hoe
ergo propter hoc. 2+2+2=6
27. What is Berkeley’s
subjective idealism? Briefly express four points of criticism against this
idealism. 2+4=6
Or
What is objective idealism? Briefly express four characteristics of this kind of idealism. 2+4=6
***
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